Shey Phoksundo National Park: The Untouched Wilderness of Nepal

Introduction

Shey Phoksundo National Park, established in 1984, is the largest national park in Nepal. It covers an area of 3,555 square kilometers. Located in the Dolpa and Mugu districts in the northwestern part of Nepal. This park is a sanctuary of unspoiled natural beauty and cultural richness. The park is named after its most famous feature, Phoksundo Lake, which is often consider one of the most beautiful and pristine lakes in the world. This high-altitude park is not just a haven for wildlife and plants but also a place of deep spiritual significance, with ancient monasteries and sacred sites scattered throughout its rugged terrain.

Geography and Climate

Location and Terrain

The park is situated in the remote and rugged Dolpa region, bordered by the Tibet Autonomous Region of China to the north. The terrain is characterized by steep slopes, deep valleys, high-altitude lakes, and glacial rivers. The elevation in the park ranges from 2,130 meters at the lower reaches to 6,883 meters at the summit of Kanjiroba Himal, resulting in a wide variety of climatic zones and habitats.

Climate

The climate of Shey Phoksundo National Park varies significantly with altitude. The lower regions experience a cool temperate climate, while the higher altitudes are mark by alpine and subalpine climates. Winters are harsh, with heavy snowfall in the upper regions, while summers are short and mild.

Flora of Shey Phoksundo National Park

Shey Phoksundo National Park is home to a rich variety of plant life, with over 1,000 species of flowering plants recorded. The park’s diverse ecosystems are a result of the wide range of altitudes and climates found within its boundaries.

Major Plant Species

• Subalpine Forests: The lower regions of the park are covered with forests of blue pine (Pinus wallichiana), juniper, spruce, and birch.
• Alpine Meadows: Higher up, the vegetation transitions to alpine meadows filled with wildflowers and medicinal herbs such as Nardostachys jatamansi and Rheum australe.
• High-Alpine Zones: At the highest elevations, only hardy shrubs and grasses survive in the harsh conditions.

Endemic and Rare Plants

The park is also home to several endemic and rare plant species, some of which are used in traditional Tibetan medicine. The unique flora of Shey Phoksundo National Park adds to its ecological importance and makes it a significant area for botanical research.

Fauna of Shey Phoksundo National Park

The diverse habitats of Shey Phoksundo National Park support a wide range of wildlife, including several endangered and rare species.

Mammals

The park is home to 29 species of mammals, including:

• Snow Leopard (Panthera uncia): One of the most elusive and endangered big cats, the snow leopard is a top predator in the park’s high-altitude regions.
• Blue Sheep (Pseudois nayaur): A primary prey species for the snow leopard, blue sheep are commonly found in the park’s alpine meadows.
• Himalayan Musk Deer (Moschus leucogaster): A small, solitary deer species valued for its musk, found in the subalpine forests.
• Tibetan Wolf (Canis lupus chanco): Another top predator, the Tibetan wolf roams the park’s vast landscapes.
• Himalayan Tahr (Hemitragus jemlahicus): A wild goat species that thrives in the rocky, mountainous terrain.

Birds

Shey Phoksundo National Park is a birdwatcher’s paradise, with over 200 species of birds recorded:

• Himalayan Monal (Lophophorus impejanus): Nepal’s national bird, known for its colorful plumage, is commonly found in the park.
• Lammergeier (Gypaetus barbatus): Also known as the bearded vulture, this large bird of prey is often seen soaring over the park’s cliffs.
• Tibetan Snowcock (Tetraogallus tibetanus): A bird species adapted to the park’s high-altitude environments.
• White-rumped Vulture (Gyps bengalensis): A critically endangered species, occasionally spotted in the park.

Reptiles and Amphibians

The park’s cold climate limits the diversity of reptiles and amphibians, but some species of lizards and frogs can be found in the lower altitudes and near water bodies.

Cultural Heritage

Shey Phoksundo National Park is not only a natural treasure but also a cultural one. The park is home to the Dolpo-pa, an indigenous people who practice Tibetan Buddhism, Bon (a pre-Buddhist religion), and animism. The remote and isolated nature of the region has helped preserve their unique culture and traditions.

Shey Gompa and Other Monasteries

One of the most significant cultural landmarks in the park is Shey Gompa, an ancient Buddhist monastery located near the Crystal Mountain. The gompa is over 800 years old and is a center of spiritual practice for the Dolpo-pa. The annual festival of Shey, celebrated with great fervor, attracts pilgrims from all over the region.

Phoksundo Lake and Ringmo Village

Phoksundo Lake, the deepest lake in Nepal, is considered sacred by the local people. The turquoise waters of the lake, set against the backdrop of snow-capped peaks, create a scene of unparalleled beauty. Ringmo Village, located on the shore of the lake, is a traditional settlement where visitors can experience the lifestyle and culture of the Dolpo-pa people.

Bon Religion

The Bon religion, which predates Buddhism, is still practiced in some parts of the park. It is particularly in the upper Dolpo region. The park is dotted with chortens, mani walls, and prayer flags, reflecting the spiritual significance of the area.

Trekking in Shey Phoksundo National Park

Shey Phoksundo National Park offers some of the most challenging and rewarding trekking experiences in Nepal. The remote and rugged terrain, combined with the cultural richness and natural beauty. It makes trekking in this park a unique adventure.

Lower Dolpo Trek

The Lower Dolpo Trek is a popular route that takes trekkers through the park’s diverse landscapes, from dense forests to barren hills and alpine meadows. The trek offers stunning views of Phoksundo Lake, the Kanjiroba Himal, and the unique cultural sites of the Dolpo region. The trek typically takes 18 to 22 days and is recommended for experienced trekkers due to its difficulty and remoteness.

Upper Dolpo Trek

The Upper Dolpo Trek is one of the most remote and least explored trekking routes in Nepal. This trek takes adventurers through the hidden valleys of Upper Dolpo, crossing high passes and visiting ancient monasteries. The highlight of this trek is the visit to Shey Gompa and the Crystal Mountain. It is considered sacred by the local people. This trek can take 25 to 30 days and is a true test of endurance and resilience.

Phoksundo Lake Trek

For those with limited time, the Phoksundo Lake Trek is a shorter but equally rewarding trek. This trek takes you directly to the stunning Phoksundo Lake and the village of Ringmo. The trek offers breathtaking views of the lake and the surrounding mountains and can be complete in 8 to 10 days.

Conservation Efforts

Shey Phoksundo National Park plays a crucial role in the conservation of Nepal’s unique flora and fauna. The park is manage by the Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation (DNPWC) with the involvement of local communities.

Wildlife Protection

The park is a vital area for the conservation of endangered species such as the snow leopard, musk deer, and blue sheep. Anti-poaching measures, habitat protection, and scientific research are ongoing efforts to ensure the survival of these species.

Community-Based Conservation

The local communities play an essential role in the park’s conservation efforts. Community-based conservation programs, such as the Buffer Zone Management Council, involve local people in protecting the park’s resources while benefiting from sustainable tourism and resource use.

Challenges and Future Plans

Despite the success of conservation efforts, Shey Phoksundo National Park faces challenges such as illegal hunting, habitat degradation, and the impacts of climate change. The park authorities, along with local communities and international partners, are working to address these challenges through sustainable management practices and increased awareness.

Shey Phoksundo National Park offers a unique and unforgettable experience for visitors, from its breathtaking landscapes to its rich cultural heritage. However, due to its remote location and challenging terrain, the park is less visited than other national parks in Nepal, making it an ideal destination for those seeking solitude and adventure.

Best Time To Visit

April to October: During this period, the weather is more favorable, with warmer temperatures and clearer skies, making it ideal for trekking, wildlife viewing, and exploring the park’s natural beauty.

The months of April to June offer blooming wildflowers and lush greenery, while September to October provides the best visibility for panoramic mountain views.

Tourism and Visitor Experience

How to Reach Shey Phoksundo National Park

The most common way to reach Shey Phoksundo National Park is by flying from Kathmandu to Juphal, a small airstrip in the Dolpa district. From Juphal, it is a several days’ trek to reach the main areas of the park, including Phoksundo Lake and Shey Gompa.

Accommodation

Accommodation within the park is limited to basic tea houses and homestays in villages such as Ringmo and Shey. Trekkers should be prepared for simple living conditions and bring their own supplies, especially if venturing into the more remote areas.

Responsible Tourism

Visitors to Shey Phoksundo National Park are encourage to practice responsible tourism by respecting local cultures, minimizing their environmental impact, and supporting conservation efforts. The park’s fragile ecosystems and cultural heritage require careful preservation, and responsible tourism plays a crucial role in achieving this goal.

Conclusion

Shey Phoksundo National Park is a unique destination that offers an unparalleled combination of natural beauty, cultural richness, and adventure. From the crystal-clear waters of Phoksundo Lake to the ancient monasteries of the Dolpo region, the park is a testament to the incredible diversity of life and culture that thrives in this remote corner of Nepal. Whether you are a trekker seeking solitude in the high Himalayas, a wildlife enthusiast eager to spot rare species, or a pilgrim drawn to the spiritual significance of the region, Shey Phoksundo National Park promises an unforgettable experience.